A Museum without walls: Take a virtual excursion of the world's exquisite artwork Museums

Would you like to take a tour of the predominant art museums of the arena without spending a dime (except for the fee of your internet service)? To discover, inside the phrases of artwork historian Andre Malraux, a "museum without partitions," from ny to Seoul, Paris to Moscow, Amsterdam to Buenos Aires, in which you could explore countless artwork, sculptures, photography, ornamental arts, and different media guided by using art professionals?

For today artwork museums, from the oldest institutions to 21st century art collections, are an increasing number of investing their time and creativity in developing websites for digital visitors such as you.

here is a precis of the variety of artwork museum websites available to you.

THE GOOGLE art assignment. on the grounds that February 2011, the Google artwork challenge has been offering get admission to online to art museums throughout the globe, increasing from 17 to extra than 180 (and counting) web sites. The artwork Gallery of South Australia, Istanbul Museum of art, and the Phillips collection are only a few of the latest additions.

extremely good MUSEUMS. The Louvre and the Metropolitan Museum of art, the Prado and the country Hermitage Museum constitute only some of the "mega" museums. for instance, the Metropolitan Museum of artwork holds lots of works of art in a spread of media, spanning centuries of art history, from historic Egypt to the cutting-edge length. Its galleries show european, American, African, Asian, and Oceanic artwork. similarly, the museum exhibits unique collections of costumes, furniture, armor, and musical instruments.

excellent museum websites often provide extensive online collections with colourful pics and designated descriptions. current exhibitions are also highlighted with records on past and upcoming suggests. in addition, educational and interactive opportunities are available with special capabilities which includes films, podcasts, blogs, social media, and virtual excursions.

Google "listing of maximum visited artwork museums in the global" to locate more notable museums.

A MUSEUM of 1'S very own. Are you keen on Van Gogh? The Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam houses the largest series of his works within the world. Its internet site is an excellent aid for Van Gogh's artwork, drawings, and letters in addition to supplying a chronicle of the important periods of his career. Or you would possibly check out the web sites of different museums devoted to 1 artist which includes Georgia O'Keeffe, Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dali, Edvard Munch, Auguste Rodin, Marc Chagall, and Norman Rockwell.

area of expertise MUSEUMS. a few museums recognition especially on one fashion or length of art. you would possibly look into the websites of the 3 particular museums beneath.

Impressionist Treasures. The Musee d'Orsay, located in a revamped Beaux Arts educate station in Paris, is THE museum for Impressionism and submit-Impressionism, unmatched inside the quantity and excellent of its works. Its particular internet site showcases greater than 800 masterpieces by using Monet, Renoir, Degas, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Rodin, and an extended listing of other leading artists of this period.

The Genius of Italy. Florence turned into one of the birthplaces of the Renaissance and its Uffizi Gallery holds the most comprehensive collection of that creative motion (along with Botticelli's famed beginning of Venus and Primavera). And you could browse through nearly each gallery at the Google artwork assignment.

in the Acropolis. the new Acropolis Museum (just opened in 2009) displays probably the maximum stunning sculptures in Western artwork; experience them in digital truth through both the museum internet site and the Google artwork mission.

master collectors. find out the pleasant of the amazing collectors and their visions of artwork at the websites of the following art museums: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, a palace of artwork built via American heiress Gardner in her hometown of Boston; the J. Paul Getty Museum that introduces you to the priceless collections of the oil billionaire at two web sites, the la center and the Getty Villa embellished with historic Greek and Roman art in Malibu; and The Frick collection, the stylish 5th road mansion of 19th century tycoon, Henry Clay Frick, with galleries of Vermeer, Rembrandt, and different famed ecu artists.

MUSEUMS, MUSEUMS, AND extra MUSEUMS. whilst the primary Guggenheim Museum, designed through architectural pioneer Frank Lloyd Wright, ultimately opened in the big apple town in 1959, its founder Solomon R. Guggenheim were lifeless a decade. ought to he have envisioned that four greater art museums together with his family name could someday be in Venice (1980), Berlin (1997), Bilbao, Spain (1997), and Abu Dhabi (planned final touch 2017)? test the big apple, Venice and Bilbao Guggenheim museum websites; every one offers an outline of its series plus snap shots of the unique architecture of its building.

you could explore as nicely the surprising website of the Tate complex of artwork museums within the uk, starting with the authentic Tate Britain (1897), Tate Liverpool (1988), Tate St. Ives (1993) in Cornwall, and brand new addition Tate present day which premiered in 2000, simply across the Thames River from the Tate Britain.

throughout THE CONTINENTS. except for Antarctica, art museums are gift on each continent from the Museum of latest South Wales in Sydney, Australia to the Sao Paulo Museum of artwork in Brazil to the countrywide Palace Museum in Taiwan to the Iziko South African countrywide Gallery in Johannesburg, South Africa. all the art museums above have websites and are contributors of the Google artwork venture.

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Why We take a look at history?

let us presume for a moment that the Filipino humans does exist as one homogenous frame and the lifestyles of that frame is pondered in its records. for that reason, the educator of that history tells us that the purpose why we must have a look at history is: to recognize the present and prepare for the future, one should examine from the beyond; and in current years, we are informed of a "records from below", "history of the inarticulate" or "records from the point of view of the humans"-a history of the frame from the angle of the frame. this is as a ways as subjectivity is going, just as our personal greybeard Teodoro Agoncillo proudly declared, though one wonders if the subjectivity is on the aspect of the humans-if ever there may be one, for this is merely a presumption-or is it at the aspect of the greybeards of Manila, who due to the fact they're placed inside the abstract middle of the Philippines also felt that their historic focus is the concrete middle of any ancient understanding.

The happy educator of history then plays the position of the umalohokan, an instructor and no longer a trainer (no one likes to educate anyore under this "education from beneath"), a trifling microphone in the presence of greybeards-that is, the "government" of the Philippine historic lifestyle who claim as a rely of pride some transcendental awareness discovered from sizeable researches. Like Hegel, and no longer fairly like Hegel for the various so-known as Filipino intelligentsia venerate Hegel with out expertise him, those "authorities" of Philippine history see themselves as merchandise of the historical machine of the world procedure.

The hassle however is whether this sort of frame exist past the abstraction of our experience of history, or is the Filipino human beings too like our greybeards-and add to that the Bangsamoro-are nothing greater than illusory ghosts rising from the carcass of the "inarticulate" or the stench "from below"? Our educators can openly proclaim, and proclaim with a positive diploma of emotional sadness, that the Filipino humans lack historic cognizance. what is the difference between the human beings then and the human beings now in terms of deciphering the beyond? nothing! And yet we are to vicinity on the altar of the world spirit their factor of view, their inarticulation, and their dread for the very intelligentsia who're setting them at heights they themselves cannot obtain if they are to depend best on their weak plastic electricity.

And what of this "Filipino people"? this is what I advocate: that the human beings turned into given start and obtained its loss of life blow inside the Philippine Revolution of 1896, past which the human beings exist merely as an abstraction nothing greater and nothing better than the text interior any document. simply, the Filipino is a cutting-edge concept in that it loved its turning into in art and religion, in pain and sorrow, in misery and birthday party-that is, in enjoy and in existence-only to be buried because of an extra of a sense of history, the sense of network, the provincial feel, the feel of beginning-this is, the experience of "from which I got here from". Henceforth, it have become publish-contemporary: "there's nothing outside the textual content".

The saints of absolutely the Spirit, for that is what our greybeards are, wanted the teens to remember the fact that they may be a part of an entire and a part of a system. history is knowing which component you ought to be in and what function you ought to play: understanding the existing depends on understanding the past. A noble premise if the cease of existence is mere episteme, although it appears now that episteme itself is finishing life. is this why we study records? To understand? And if indeed we realize, or furnish that we now recognize all there's to realize approximately the past, what then? The saintly greybeards may propose: so that we can have historic conferences, wherein we will surprise at our own class and bathe in the glory of having an excess of history: that we can cover from the terrible sound of the superabundance of meaning in present day lifestyles: that we can positioned up landmarks and other marks-monuments for the useless with the aid of the regularly dying: that we will gossip on beyond glories as we surmise the very absence of history in our midst no matter an excess of history in our cockroach- tomes.

perhaps Nietzsche become right in spite of everything: records in excess has end up a shape of egoism. The pleasure of the historian, albeit a pride born of the feeling that one is lost within the matrix of a lot records. what is this extra then? This I do not forget true: that history must take delivery of horizon via the cognizance of enjoy and the awareness of the evolution of one's life, and some thing beyond that horizon is immoderate. there is no point in remembering the whole thing a great deal greater to suggest that memories incorporate a international manner--a world historical gadget. however, the youngsters turned into made to experience that historical know-how is such and this type of path, whole as some distance as importance goes, a device restricted most effective by means of the margins of a textbook and contained within its back and front cover-the educator of history is a mere instrument for the manufacturing of its sound. this is the history that you need to research. this is the history you have to recognize. that is the records you ought to put in your personal reminiscence whether or not your revel in warrants it or now not. in any case, know-how is normal and objective and an extra of expertise is higher than little expertise. the desire to a machine is indeed a decadent will.

but, is it not equally true that a glutton is tempted to immobility because of excesses? that in gulping an excessive amount of understanding, one is reduced to doing not anything? isn't this "gulping" a product of getting common history for the general intake of the public on one hand and the historians' egoism for the craft on the alternative? Take for example the notion of objectivity in history. in the quest for the episteme, historiography, method and its product knowledge supersedes any purpose for history. Historicism! The cry of the oppressed! opposite to the subjectivity of history within the carrier of existence, the notion that history must be objective is a subjectivity out of a current historian absolutely divided within himself like a house equipped to fall; for such history can simplest be a made from the inability for judgment-that is, of weak point. And history is not for the weak, within which the rabble and the mass guy is wolfed to stillness--eyes blinking--like an observer devoid of the real human circumstance buried within the abstractions due to his imagination. An objective historian is sort of a eunuch, for folks that can no longer fill records with topics can not but be content with watching history bypass with the aid of, just like a eunuch who simply watches in pain without the balls to create life-or a glutton who sits idly in the garden of contentment: his craving most effective for the following gulping consultation. therefore, the historic experience of the saints and their disciples reduced historians to mere servants of the world spirit constantly presenting new historic information and always tweaking historiography hopefully in the direction of perfection. The young people, the younger generation, are being trained to observe and obey the educators of records. I say as a substitute: if the children are virtually to end up the hope of the motherland, they must be taught the cost of being unhistorical in preference to the overly historic. Unhistorical? Preposterous! Any kind of guy or tribe own records: it's far just a depend of differences in presentation. No! Now, that is preposterous. permit the kids exclaim as Nietzsche did: the will to a system is a decadent will!

The unhistorical is constantly in a position to gladly workout his plastic energy. not like cutting-edge man, he does no longer go through the duality of internal-external, and constantly see the completeness of information and knowledge: to the unhistorical there is no difference among expertise and understanding without a doubt due to the fact there's no duality. Internally maximum present day man is challenge to the tyranny of a better motive-name it God, humanism or maybe militant atheism-inside which he unearths comfort. Externally maximum of those modern-day guy suffer the open-endedness of modern-day existence-the loss of meaning, the emerging immorality, the chaos of our age. it is in this simultaneous giving birth and destruction of that means, like that of the Filipino humans, in modern-day life that present day guy felt terrified as Eliade may additionally say. This terror placed historical guy like a turtle wrapped within its own shell to protect itself from the "terror of history" and listen now not on the mission of records closer to giving electricity to life, however on the means wherein this is completed, reducing him to inaction. contemporary man seems at his enjoy, translates it based totally on a textual content (on texts!), affirms an movement, pronounces the historic nature of it as manifested in his ancient information because the action enters into historiography: the motion turns into problem to evaluation after analysis after evaluation (ad nauseam) until egoism becomes obvious. The Higaunon in Iligan town, as a minimum those who continue to be conventional, weighs revel in, interprets it based totally on the evolution in their lives and subculture, decides an action, and the movement will become-within the eyes of historians-history-as-event. by no means underestimate the important life force of the unhistorical: by teaching the indigenous peoples our sort of history, we additionally implant of their culture that egoism of the modern-day age and time will inform if such an egoism can produce an "different" in the minds of the indigenous peoples or they too turns into victims of the weaknesses of contemporary guy. Our indigenous humans haven't any want for our decadence.

In final, why certainly are we analyzing history? Is it presumptuous to mention that records past the carrier of life is nothing extra than useless babbling? I mimic Nietzsche: just as whatever in excess in this global is injurious to life, an excess of records isn't exempted. lifestyles is the structural basis of records, with out which history is incomprehensible. To the teens and teens at coronary heart, I communicate to you for you're the wish of this u . s . a ., find in history the pressure of will that could encourage you to be a person tremendous-not outstanding within the sense of the rabble and the loads, now not Constantino's "bubble inside the flood", but in wielding the energy that your plastic strength may apprehend while to prevent studying history and whilst to create one. permit the antiquarian in you discover ways to keep what is meant on the way to preserve and the critical in you to let pass what should be forgotten. records is not records if one can not learn to forget. The take a look at of records isn't always just about remembering the beyond, it is also gaining knowledge of to overlook-to know what it approach to be historic and to enjoy what it's far to be unhistorical. ultimately, it's far in knowing no longer virtually a way to write records however in understanding a way to create one that makes records a worthy engagement.

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The Thingness of records

In line with Nietzsche, history have to never be pursued for the sake of simply amassing greater understanding approximately the past. which means records is something greater to us; some thing that we will carry each day in our lives; some thing that others can't take from within us. it's far something that we are able to hold on to.

Nietzsche has been quoted to mention "but a ways and fast he runs, the chain runs with him". We can't get away our memory, we can not break out our history and we can't put on it down. that could be the character of records for me. it is part of every human being. it's far a matter of difficulty that is distinguished from a dwelling being; some thing that makes a strong appeal to the person. This indicates, personally, that the character of history is a means to have or be capable of having within and evidently being inside us.

allow's take scent as an example. odor is a function or a main nice, a unusual and vital individual that all and sundry has. The natural odor of everyone is the odor that he bears or within one continually. which means, that odor can not be worn with the aid of everybody else. It is largely in each person. the same as with the character of records, history is essentially a part of human lives, for my part.

when we are saying pattern of records, we're implying that there is one. whilst we say pattern, by all approach, it's far a form or version proposed for imitation, some thing designed or used as a version for making matters, or a discernible coherent system. Our international is a nation of things in which probabilities are ideal. we're dwelling, ever when you consider that, in an unorganized world with our hopes, picks and desires. A world that may be a matter of chances that there can be no such factor as a super instance or model as an entire that to be in comparison with regarding to the sample of history. we are residing in a harassed unorganized nation in a distinct form of the arena in view that the start. that might be considered our evidence of knowing that we're dwelling in an imperfect world. That by means of far, no whole peace, freedom and happiness has ever been done. A proof of not having the functionality of having the exceptional of preserving our lives, cohering a coherent plan for movement to have a such prepared world to installation an administrative structure for human lives. consequently, there may be no sample to records that we are capable of building for history or for the sector. Our world is marked with the aid of slow changes and a count number of preference. Your frame, your feelings, the people round you and world- everything is converting. There aren't any patterns, no formulas but a consistent trade. A exchange on the way to for certain in the end lead us to an quit. An end to our sorrows, wishes, aspirations and all. And that is how we need alternate, a alternate to enhance our life. we are in a procedure of alternate, a continuing herbal pastime or characteristic so that it will lead us toward a selected result. that might be the simplest component that we can be of sure approximately. we are in a sequence of motion and operation conducting to an give up.

Having to realize the pattern of history also suggest having an ideal sort of world. this will imply that you can have the potential with a view to reason you to be in a certain role of power to take manage of the arena. For the reason that you are in ownership of exceptional understanding or facts regarding the primary essential points of the arena. however we can't have and realize that besides for reality that the arena is simply too large and chaotic for a person to discover a perfect version as an entire, or a really perfect exemplification in standard to position one's life, mind and emotions so as. We want to look for it in pieces. We need to take a look at models in a view of their structures, their achievements, their attainments, accomplishments, or the things they're composed of, some thing this is useful that we can use in our lives. We have to bear in mind that our mind is residing in a completely massive and massive world which can't bare the ways of the sector. consequently, there may be no pattern of history or the world, for the fact that we can't realize it. it's miles far past the functionality of humans.

people' awareness about the historic occasions of the past is the riding force that exerts pressure to every character to live existence. it's far the thing that records brings out to each human life; the lifestyles of history in human lives. This satisfactory places you in a state of being aware about some thing within oneself. The historical focus serves because the thing or excellent that connects us as being or belonging of the equal kind. it's miles a kind wherein every man or woman serves as a crucial feature to all and sundry.

records when it comes to past serves because the great that distinguishes a crucial and purposeful being to set up the life of a factor, or to illustrate as having a selected nice or worth. due to the matters passed off inside the past, records is created. The matters which can be for some had just long gone for a long term ago and having existed or taken place in a time frame may also, for others, and even to everybody, performs a totally large characteristic to every man or women. This characteristic serves because the purpose of your lifestyles, to direct you on a path or in a path on going beforehand. past serves to be just a part of history; an critical component or element of history. it is a method to have some thing much less than an entire, but of one of the purposeful devices of history.

concerning to the relation of time in history, time shapes history. as the time goes on, records goes on. it's miles the character of history that remains with us, inside us and goes on with us. Such that history never dies. it's miles alive and has appropriate and esteem traits.

Our in search of of truths, significance and motive from the past is the high-quality force to be able to make every individual are trying to find to locate the suitable global. it is the use of records with regards to lifestyles. in step with Nietzsche, "records to date serves life, serves an unhistorical strength. It doesn't serve the beyond, it does not serve the destiny however serves creativity and it serves will". What he supposed become history isn't most effective restricted to being understood only inside their very own contexts and times but as symbols of greatness and achievements. It have to be perspectives as an thought to oneself that as for Nietzsche is the monumental records. It expresses some thing very advantageous and a religion in humanity. a faith such that for Nietzsche, the excellent moments in conflict of people form a series in them. In them the high points of humanity are related throughout millennia. that would be what's highest in this kind of second of  beyond be as an proposal to creativity, to boom and to expand, and additionally to provide us courage. The courage such that for Nietzsche, "the know-how of the terrific which as soon as existed changed into as a minimum possible as soon as and can properly once more be viable every so often". it's far when records works for us, it offers us the capability or power to instill with boldness to do wonderful actions.

that might be by way of to date my own know-how of history regarding to its nature, its sample, its relation to the past, on the subject of time, and its relation to existence. records might imply something to us if we only know a way to recognize history. history for lifestyles plays a totally important issue in our lives. it may suggest not anything to us if we may not be able to locate the importance of records and its values to each human type. We want to exercise session our ways and bring out the creativity within us. it'll lead us to be higher in making our picks such that history serves as a hard and fast of choices we can rely on for the improvement of life. records does serve as many enormous things in our lives. It serves as an suggestion, a purpose of being inside the international, and a will to do tremendous matters. however one way or the other, we have to not take records because the most effective manner of living our lifestyles to the best international. We should undergo in thoughts that we're continually in the procedure of locating our own happiness in life. thru this manner, we might be faced with plenty trouble. trying to draw tremendous conclusions via this may be difficult. We just need to find the beauty in each choice we make. As what the pronouncing goes, "we all make alternatives in life. The hard aspect to do is to stay with them". therefore, past all of the picks we made must additionally be the duty for each choice. To be responsible for them teaches us to stand for what we trust in and this may lead us to growth. the ones picks will be able to train us in the methods of life and allow us to find out that what we thought have been everyday grew to become out to be so much extra.

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Massive Questions About Massive History

Many human beings heard of something referred to as massive records for the first time via an editorial in the new york times mag in September, 2014. the object delivered David Christian, the main discern in growing the concept of big history, however raised the sensationalist query whether invoice Gates and his bundles of cash must inform us a way to take a look at records. That angle likely got the thing published however the approach failed to show the enthusiastic reaction this is constructing around the sector for an approach that puts the story of science into a historical narrative.

people are used to seeing FAQ nowadays once they encounter something new. So let's examine a few big Questions (my version of FAQ) that humans evidently want spoke back once they come to be interested by massive history. this is handiest an advent and does now not faux to answer all questions. There will be extra articles to come back that deal with many realistic questions bobbing up from the unfold of big records.

what's big history? expert historians have commonly described history as starting with the starting place of writing and written records. Such artifacts provide the tales of rulers and what they considered important or useful. on occasion they covered thrilling human stories.

There are problems with this definition of history. It leaves out everything that got here earlier than writing. Archaeology has exposed artifacts that date the beginning of our species hundreds of years before writing. those are crucial, but have been labeled "pre-records." also, written statistics served a small elite that would study and write in order that early data are basically propaganda indicating what ruling elites wanted destiny generations to reflect onconsideration on them. What might be known as "people's history" became now not taken into consideration important at that point. traditional histories have reflected the biased and propagandistic perspectives observed in the ones early records.

science has unfolded a story going all of the manner again to the large Bang about 3.eight billion years ago. Nobel laureate Steven Weinberg wrote about the first 3 minutes due to the fact science can decide bodily interactions that a ways again in records.

huge history pushes the tale again to the very starting by way of turning the clinical tale into a story similar to regular histories. The effect is to show specialized guides on medical info right into a story that lets in all and sundry to recognise the vital developments from the huge Bang through the origin of stars, planetary structures, galaxies, life on the earth, and the improvement of human cultures.

The history of our species and lifestyles on this planet are a small percentage of time whilst as compared to the general span of thirteen.eight billion years. David Christian and his colleagues have identified eight most important thresholds at which essential trends happened because the foci around which the tale is developed in order that one doesn't wander off within the overwhelming element. each threshold represents a main evolutionary stage inside the improvement of complexity in the universe at huge and on our planet in particular.

Why speak about complexity? the overall message of massive history is the development of complexity in the universe. this is critical, first, as it appears to violate the second regulation of Thermodynamics which tells us the universe is losing complexity and transferring closer to disorder - but large history tells about the emergence of corporation and complexity from closing chaos at the massive Bang. 2d, the 8 thresholds inform of leaps in level of complexity, each of which brings what we would call development together with growing fragility and various issues that have been extra complex than the ones encountered at earlier thresholds. third, while we get to human records as a part of extra latest thresholds, the tale highlights troubles on a bigger scale than often seen in histories of nations and people which have been the primary subjects studied by expert history.

How is large records taught? David Christian is a historian, accordingly it appears herbal to view this concern as some other providing within the records curriculum. however, the story instructed with the aid of massive records is going past ordinary histories to recognition on information from a number of sciences and social sciences. It also has implications for the observe of religions and the dynamics of social exchange visible in political and different modern-day movements.

the primary huge attempt to train massive history at the college stage inside the usa happened at Dominican university in California through the management of Cynthia Stokes Brown whose area became training. They advanced an interdisciplinary 12 months-long route as the muse of a common freshman enjoy on which the university built a tradition of interdisciplinary school cooperation. Their tale has been advised in a current book and, starting in 2015, is being shared through a summer time institute at which other professionals can gain realistic experience from those concerned inside the Dominican revel in.

David Christian and Cynthia Brown had been some of the pioneers within the development of the international large history affiliation (IBHA) which incorporates scientists, historians, and pupils from a huge range of fields rationale on growing studies and sharing enjoy to promote development of massive history the world over.

one of the initiatives promoted via IBHA is one funded by using invoice Gates to make education in huge records available over the net to high faculties and college students. it is using funding from Gates and his private interest that led to the sensational perspective of the ny times magazine article.

What difference can large history make? studies on the effect of teaching large history has focused on a completely large word in schooling - engagement. Turning the tale of the scientific development of the universe into a historic narrative supported by using modern-day pix and era has been popular with college students of many a while and promotes down-to-earth know-how of technology. to mention one instance, the ones interested in arithmetic are attracted by way of efforts to resolve troubles but that doesn't have a tendency to be authentic of students who aren't willing to mathematical questioning. Turning mathematical ideas into historic narrative with sensible packages could make the ones standards less complicated to recognize for those much less interested in the summary splendor and elegance of mathematics. The identical effect may be predicted for difficult thoughts of physics, chemistry, and biology.

The mixture of technological know-how and records presents present day troubles on a large scale so that environmental challenges emerge more in reality. the various dangers posed by way of business society stand out as modern-day demanding situations of complexity to our planet and to human cultural evolution and survival.

some other extremely good impact will be on non secular ideals of students from numerous cultural backgrounds (Christian, Hindu, Islam, as an instance) as they need to alter conventional non secular perspectives of advent and the human position inside the universe to the story of the large Bang and subsequent evolution of existence. as an instance, mother and father who have demanded that faculty forums modify coaching of organic evolution will likely protest among the implications of huge records for similar motives.

FAQs and personal perspectives. This has been an creation to a few fundamental questions about huge history. i have tried to be neutral in offering facts instead of arguing in choose of this development. no doubt you may locate that I do choose the use of huge history as a step forward in educating the general public on technological know-how in a totally practical way. There can be resistance to various affects and probable worry of what might come of something so new. I inspire each person to test out the statistics cited in this text, information of which are supplied in the list of references. I may be expressing private perspectives in other articles.

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From "simply records" to pupil-centered Time travel

Graduate paintings in records turned into all that was wanted when I started out coaching at a university in 1968. training courses were now not vital due to the fact status in the front of college students and lecturing was what any a success graduate scholar ought to do, or so we notion.

My angle changed as I taught about 100 college students the first term. creating a factor of studying every scholar, I saw that many of them lacked writing and have a look at talents needed to reach a history course. Colleagues noticed once I exceeded out analyzing and writing suggestions after which counseled suffering students. My office-mate expressed difficulty, announcing my activity was to educate records, no longer different subjects. whilst my radical conduct continued, the top of the branch stated i was hired to "train records, just records."

these days, my students at Georgia Gwinnett college have tutoring and counseling services freed from rate. each fall semester, college should regulate to upgrades in school room generation and to the mastering management gadget. via a center for teaching Excellence, we study new educational practices for enhancing pupil engagement and might are looking for help using school room generation. whilst keeping up with scholarship in records, i'm also predicted to uphold organization-huge goals for enticing and preserving college students who also have to achieve high performance requirements.

this school coaching environment, as I technique the stop of a expert career, is the most invigorating and enjoyable of my lifestyles. The perception in coaching "simply history" has yielded to modern innovations in teaching and within the subject of history itself - both of that are for my part pleasing.

I proportion with colleagues of all disciplines many values based totally on the academic surroundings of our group. however, my approach to coaching "more than history" takes a path relatively exclusive from many of them by way of emphasizing abilties predicted of experts these days. amongst historians there are also various reviews on the first-class techniques for analyzing records. I range from some colleagues through viewing all records as both current and international records; and arguing that technological know-how and records have to study in combination by interdisciplinary groups to floor students in a more holistic view of lifestyles.

Professional talents

Survey records guides that orient college students to essential understanding want to also develop vital skills for citizenship and the demands of maximum professions. students today need to are looking for and interpret dependable proof, a talent which the election of 2016 made even extra vital for folks that get their news from social media. they also should learn basic habits and proficiencies required of specialists these days.

Opposite to the expectation of many students, records isn't simply committing critical dates, events, and people to reminiscence. getting to know the importance of proof and the way it should be interpreted is important for building values and abilities of citizenship. expertise that historical debts take many forms (books, newspapers, magazines, web sites, and social media), and to look for documented proof (valid primary and secondary sources) with accurate and responsible interpretations, is an increasingly essential ability. college students today stay in a world deluged with audio, video, image, and written content over the net, some of which comes from tainted resources which include terrorist organizations or foreign powers trying to destabilize our authorities. the use of rational analysis to clear out unreliable information is becoming ever more difficult. The net is a outstanding instructional tool - but it is equally beneficial for radicalizing humans prone to emotion, propaganda, and incorrect information.

For me, an fun part of being a historian is spotting the role performed via interpretation. professionals in a subject vary on quality factors of interpretation because of the evidence they pick out and the way they set up it. The identical kind of debate happens in political media.

Whilst i was in university within the 1960s, televised information coverage formed countrywide opinions. The retailers had been pretty few and information coverage hardly ever lasted extra than 3 hours a day. variations in opinion, such as the ones inside the north and south over civil rights, were aired; but the variations in interpretation between news stores was much less obvious than these days.

Cable channels brought critical modifications to the way human beings gained news earlier than social media arrived. Competing outlets segmented the public based totally on political leanings, making it viable to buy a news provider that caters to unique points of view, continually imparting interpretations along certain lines and being selective in the evidence and range of testimonies they show. internet websites and social media have magnified the segmentation of interpretations to in shape even smaller audiences. however size of the target audience isn't always insignificant while a radicalized terror institution uses the internet to recruit global.

My point is that accurate use of proof and skeptical attention of interpretations need to gain knowledge of in records guides as citizenship capabilities. This additionally makes discussion of modern-day issues crucial, a point with a view to be discussed presently.

On the primary day of sophistication, as we review the syllabus, I emphasize the significance of expert conduct and skills as goals of the direction. the times while a pupil need handiest show up for tests and flip in a paper are long past. My guides now build in crew-based totally sports counting 20% of the grade.

Guidelines of the route emphasize concentrating at the business of the class for the complete length. Temptations are many whilst students use laptops, pills, and clever phones in elegance. they are not allowed to make or acquire cellphone calls, test or ship texts and electronic mail, surf the internet, or paintings on whatever besides the magnificence mission - however students will continually check to see how vigorously guidelines are enforced.

College students often withstand the rules for group paintings. Many say they prefer group work because, in exercise, right students regularly bring the weight for weaker college students to protect their very own grade. Having been a crew-constructing consultant, I insist they follow rules for complete participation by way of making consensus choices for which all contributors take responsibility. Assignments have to go through thorough group assessment in order that the product, which include a presentation, looks like it have been organized via a single character. The group grade on those assignments is likewise the grade for every group member. As in navy basic schooling, failure of 1 person in crew overall performance drags down the grade for everyone.

Despite the fact that college students will say they understand a way to work in teams or that my guidelines are not new, the competencies I enforce can simplest be found out via practice under sensible pressures to work as a unit. students usually find out they have got now not skilled actual teamwork and that, like infants attempting to walk, it's miles discovered handiest by persisting after early disasters.

Presentation capabilities are highlighted in my courses. groups report the consequences of activities in class and go through class dialogue in their work. they also make a proper presentation on an assigned topic using presentation software program. For this assignment, they're provided written guidance on making effective shows and professional-searching slides. The outcome is predicted to be a 10-minute presentation on a historical topic that demonstrates in a position historical and presentation talents. due to the fact that this is also a crew project, they must show their product followed the guidelines for teamwork.

Man or woman writing capabilities also are developed via two brief essays and a paper. class sports contain teams in initial work on writing assignments. when groups come collectively, weaker and stronger college students can shape peer mentoring relationships that boost performance of the weaker pupil at the character assignments.

One of the rewards of coaching is the possibility to write down recommendations for jobs or admission to graduate programs. to date, despite the fact that coaching in most cases rookies, i have a high achievement charge for people who ask for pointers. I accept as true with the important thing to achievement, along with the overall grades of the pupil, is my potential to explain how they behaved as professionals, both in my opinion and as crew participants.

Modern and international records

Two revolutionary modifications to the look at of history in my lifetime changed attitudes closer to contemporary and international records. My high school (1950s) and college (early 1960s) history instructions typically stopped earlier than attending to current records. a few writers made a distinction between records as strong know-how of the beyond and cutting-edge events for which long-time period affects were no longer but acknowledged. The German truth seeker of records Georg Hegel said this view poetically in the Philosophy of right: "The owl of Minerva spreads its wings only with the falling of the dusk." knowledge about history, in other phrases, is most effective feasible in retrospect. Hegel and the historian Leopold von Ranke also expressed the conventional view of global records, which saw it as ecu mastery extending over the globe.

History instructors are rightly careful about too much political dialogue in elegance. The catch 22 situation will become obvious while thinking about the campaign and early presidency of Donald Trump. critiques for and towards both Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton were voiced in my classes. specially important to me were the almost weekly statements and movements disrupting regular guidelines of american elections. Trump's conduct and agenda overthrew ordinary expectancies in a way now not experienced because Andrew Jackson. spotting the prevalence of 1 historical precedent after every other made the Trump enjoy an unavoidable subject matter, yet teachers like me had to avoid turning lessons into outbursts of opposing political speeches.

The modern-day effort to restore American nationalism, in my opinion, represents opposition to lack of international dominance. The university of Chicago historian William H. McNeill became the first to explain international history in terms of interactions (such as alternate, communications, epidemics) of cultures east to west and west to east throughout North Africa and Eurasia. international cultural interactions, now known as globalization, began as Europeans arrived within the Americas after which the Pacific islands. eu and American assumptions of superiority were resisted with the aid of former colonies because the planet is increasingly united with the aid of air and space tour, nearly instant communications, worldwide trade, and risk of epidemics.

Our knowledge of the importance of Columbus illustrates the joining of contemporary occasions and a international view of world records. In excessive faculty and college, I discovered that Columbus "determined the united states" - a wonderful fulfillment of european advanced information and generation. however textbooks today understand there were local populations in all of the lands explored with the aid of Europeans who had cultures of their personal and felt no want to be discovered. In reality, interaction with ecu powers regularly introduced epidemics that decimated peoples now not previously uncovered to sicknesses that had long circulated in North Africa and Eurasia.

The achievements of Columbus appearance quite special when seen as a part of the ongoing subject of human migration on planet earth. patterns of migration are a constant issue of global history, as visible within the Trump campaign and electoral issues in eu international locations in 2016-17. human beings were the primary species to inhabit every continent. As they keep to transport approximately, they disrupt antique cultural patterns of religion, race, social relationships, and regulation.

What Columbus performed turned into to inaugurate cutting-edge globalization because the Americas were delivered into ongoing touch with cultures of North Africa and Eurasia. innovative technology keep intensifying the forces of transportation, economics, and conversation that push cultures of ecu descent to treat other cultures equitably. those equal forces also are intermixing populations as new migratory styles preserve rising to venture old cultural ideals.

Even the remotest of historical events, just like the first migration of humanity out of Africa or the advent of people in the Americas throughout land this is now below the Bering Strait, are nevertheless cutting-edge problems. There are political groupings within the u.s.a. today for whom the consequences of human foundation in Africa or rights of native agencies inside the Americas are pressing non secular or constitutional troubles.

challenging college students to take note of historic issues, no matter how historical, as matters of ongoing significance to modern-day groups can encourage them to broaden their ideas of relevancy beyond the most modern trends in their favored technologies. optimistically they may become better residents as they connect gift developments with the human beyond.

Science and records

some other revolutionary improvement inside the look at of history is narratives primarily based on scientific evidence that probes into the deepest beyond and projects the most remote future.

Historians typically maintain that writing converted pre-records into the right examine of human stories based totally on literary assets. This difference is now rejected by lots of us who affirm archaeological, geological, climatological, genetic, and chemical proof - or even theories of physics - as assets for pushing histories to the beginning of the universe, solar machine, and existence on the earth.

A few historians espouse Deep records, which reverses time in explorations of human origins. Anthropology and archaeology, now with boosted electricity via genetic archaeology, have extended expertise of the beginning of our species, and of vital attributes like speech, ever deeper into time. Many social sciences observe earliest cultural practices of hominines and their contemporaries. With their emphasis on pushing expertise backward, these pupils on occasion assault cultural traditions inclusive of the Judeo-Christian perception in forward development of time from a primordial beginning.

The trend that appeals most to me is referred to as big records. The narrative follows the conventional development from a beginning (the massive Bang) recognized through clinical theory and data. relying on physics and cosmological theories, the tale traces the evolution of complexity from last chaos to the modern kingdom of the universe - and uses the identical theories to undertaking in all likelihood tendencies billions of years from now. This clinical-ancient narrative highlights the foundation of our solar system, of life, after which evolution of humanity and its records.

As outlined inside the first university textbook on the subject, large records emphasizes eight factors of main transition. The three most current challenge human history - origin of the species, adoption of agriculture, and arrival of the economic Revolution. Like other transitions within the narrative, these bring extra complexity that provide each dramatic new possibilities and greater dangers. The challenges now going through humanity consist of destruction of existence on our planet and fall apart of structures based totally on ever faster improvements that take a look at the adaptability of human societies.

Students had been excited after I introduced elements of large history all through world records publications. the ones not inquisitive about pursuing special information of sciences like arithmetic, chemistry, or physics are stimulated via seeing the consequences of making use of them to knowledge evolution of order and life inside the universe. I like the manner college students analyze essential medical information in mixture with an technique to human records that is touchy to all cultural and religious traditions.

One of the first programs of huge history to training happened at Dominican college near San Francisco. Experiments with guides led to converting the challenge of the institution and requiring all entering inexperienced persons to take massive records underneath the guidance of an interdisciplinary crew of instructors. part of the concept was to apply massive records to sell a unified approach to information within the sciences, arts, and technology while additionally constructing an academic environment in which college collaborated throughout disciplinary lines in methods which might be student-focused. The experience at Dominican university brought about summer institutes for some years after which to book of effects in coaching large history.

Visualizing the timespans worried in scientific approaches to records has been a assignment. Time divisions of historical, medieval, and current practice to life given that "civilizations" began. Archaeological divisions by styles of tools (old stone, new stone, bronze, or iron) maintain changing in spans of years. starting with the big Bang calls for jumping billions and millions of years, then zooming in on hundreds and masses as literary evidence begins.

a novel perception for many students is that records includes time tour. no longer the science-fiction kind of travel so famous with young humans, but non-fiction journey that speeds thru billions of years from side to side as well as centuries, decades, months, and days. The college of California at Berkeley has a internet site, providing work of the geologist Walter Alvarez, referred to as ChronoZoom which allows customers to jump over time from the large Bang until the existing, zooming in nearer and zooming out as students journey through time. The worldwide affiliation of big history website additionally has a hyperlink to the Cosmic Evolution Arrow of Time web site via Harvard college for every other manner of scooting round in time.

After a career of "pushing the envelope" as a trainer, I now espouse the novel concept of coaching technology in aggregate with the tale of the universe, and in further combination with international records and modern events to emphasise globalization in its broadest definition. This is going manner past the bounds of history with the aid of having instructors of sciences, literature, arts, faith, philosophy, training, and records participating in a route that mirrors the medical quest for a Grand Unification concept.

Even in an surroundings as stimulating as the one at Georgia Gwinnett college, there are still bureaucratic partitions. For participants of a nation college machine, those walls are fortified with the aid of state laws and rules that may stifle experiments like large history.

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Philosophical Essay of history in Connection to Our Lives

There are 3 phrases for me to describe the nature of records. these are mysterious, high-quality and unforgettable. Now to provide an explanation for why is the character of records mysterious, it's miles mysterious in a feel that every person, all of the human types whether a pro-records or an anti-records although knew what's records, when attempted to asked them and lead them to answer the query of in which did records got here first and while did records occur first, you and i, I mean all of us could be speechless and perhaps or no longer be bowled over because records absolutely is a mysterious component that exists. believe how records knew all the things approximately us, from our ancestors, how we became Christian or Muslim, our own family, the day whilst we have become people and history additionally knew why we had all this sort of attitudes, in quick, history is like extra than our parents who is aware of all and sundry very well, this is the motive why history is mysterious, once more, due to the fact records knows all the things approximately us, at the same time as us never knew the history of history.

2d is wonderful, one of the natures of records is exquisite because it offers us inspirations and aspirations some perhaps a hope for revenge. Nature of records amazes us to suppose that with out history we can not admire whatever despite the fact that there has been the arithmetic and technological know-how to make us appreciate answers at the troubles, similar to history constantly did but nonetheless history is unique, sure records will make us recognize solutions too however at the same time it also makes us understand approximately ourselves and our international clearly in contrast to the mathematics and technological know-how to be able to make us admire matters due to the fact solutions are made now not naturally however by using a few ideas of human minds. records, mathematics and science, despite the fact that these are the three important topics in the instructional schools, see and recognize that mathematics and science are comparable for troubles constantly have a answers as it was made by way of human beings in contrast to history in which issues and answers additionally made with the aid of human beings but does not have a specific proof to tell us that problems and answers in history without a doubt befell before, it does now not have a concrete proof to tell us that activities in the past really takes place and due to those history challenges us to find the concrete answer and while doing this we located out that it evokes us to discover the reality and that is how it amazes us to assume that it is simply a subject yet it demanding situations us more than what arithmetic and technology do just to provide a concrete facts or evidence and to try to avoid falsity.

The last of the nature of records is the phrase unforgettable, nature of history is sincerely unforgettable due to the fact wherever we move or anything we do history always follows us thinking that our network is horrific or top because of the folks who lived and ruled earlier than and earlier than is a phrase picturing a beyond. history's nature is unforgettable no longer simply due to the community where we lived but because records is part of our life, like as an instance, you have got forgotten to fasten your door earlier than you fall asleep and when you wake up you observed out that you lost some of your things inside your property, now history or the past will usually be there thru reminding you to by no means sleep till you're positive that your doors are locked because the previous day is already the past, and on every occasion the night time is available in you may usually recall to fasten your door and that is why unforgettable became one of the natures of records.

The sample of history or lack thereof

There are four degrees in this pattern of records. First was the lack of awareness in which happiness or satisfaction friends, those humans from the beyond are those individuals who were in there own united states of america suppressed by using the invaders, one of the examples are the Indians while extremely good Britain invaded their u . s . and the employees whose running like no greater tomorrow for the proprietors but paid poorly. not knowing that they've human rights they will just take delivery of what they have got wondering that it's what they are able to only have.

Subsequent stage is the revelation, in which one that has enough information will come and inform others what they could have once they combat for their proper as a human. probably, humans will start from a small institution to fight for his or her proper. If these humans may be unnoticed by means of the rulers or the only who suppressed their right, from a small group thousands and millions of humans will rise up to fight with them, protests, riots and revolutions will occur and here the 1/3 degree will come up, the climax. Climax is the harshest and the one so that it will take human beings see you later till they get to the final stage the achievement. After many years of fighting for their rights, fulfillment or the last on the degrees will come up because of the people's revolution towards their government and other influence too from different nation will come to assist resource the hassle of the human beings. Others may name this degree the happiness level due to the fact they will be happy obviously in this stage. but know what is tremendous within the history? the world is spherical in which once you reach the pinnacle quickly you will face the lowest, which means that after the a success human rights fights, the brand new chapter will start with the primary stage, the lack of knowledge, until it flows to revelation, perhaps or not to climax and another fulfillment.

The driving pressure of ancient events and causality

Commonly and usually, events that came about in the beyond are those revolutions that were resulting from people's unhappiness on the ruler of their community; because human beings won't do things against their government when they carried out the improvement that they want and need. almost all the revolutions that befell are successful due to the mixture of all of the human beings's power towards the interim government with the intention to soon be susceptible, because top things always wins towards evils, a notion that changed into proven to be actual, i hope. earlier than the data of the lots of revolutions inside the history, the invasions additionally constantly happened within the early records by the guys's in nations that has power and wealth. those people invades others town to unfold their strength out of doors their very own us of a, that once accomplishing wars, turning their backs then leaving when they sighted any other area to invade where they can get something to brought to their u . s ., without considering the reality that there are human beings in that vicinity whose the real proprietor of the matters they may be stealing or getting.

Records and its relation to the past

Whilst we say records, it might usually imply that it's far beyond and this will also say that the records and the beyond are simply the identical, for nearly. Now, let us go deeper to recognize what really records and beyond are. beyond is like a specific day, week, month or 12 months that passed off in the existence of a particular character. records then means the whole tale of people's lifestyles now not the thing occurred to his/her life for every week, month or yr however the story of its life considering its beginning to its present time. The relations of those two is that past is usually a part of records, history too always acquaints with beyond they may be as an instance a e book, eBook is the records at the same time as the letters within the e-book is the beyond, they are incomplete with out every other.

Records and its relation to time

Records and time are each critical. have you ever ever observed that every single occasion within the records, time always associates, not in a experience like the Philippines were given its independence in this unique time, it's the date due to the fact the calendar will never trade without the time. consequently, the relation of history and the time is critically vital due to the fact with out the time we won't be able to realize the precise day, month and 12 months of the critical occasions that impacts us nowadays.

Records and its relation to existence

It is so smooth to say that the history's relation to life is simply that life or us who has life research history. that is what going thru the thoughts of these those who we'd call the anti-records or human beings disliking records. records's relation to lifestyles much like another courting is much more critical. history is essential to our life due to the fact we do no longer use records most effective to have a look at the beyond but additionally to understand more about ourselves, different humans's lives and our society. it's common to recognize that others simply don't observe what truly records do to their lives, others will even simply say that history is boring with out realizing that history by no means ever did separated from their lives, that records occasionally is the only who give them inspirations. inspired us like no longer doing merciless things on others to make humans see how exclusive you're out of your ancestors who did harm others. Unnoticeable to others is also that how history offers us ethical values to know wherein we're sincerely supposed to be or in which are we truly speculated to pass. for this reason, history shaped our mindset.

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On this day in history, November 30: Birth of Palladio, Pozzo, Bouguereau and Clyfford Still

What happened on this day in art history, November 30? It was the birthday of four artists.

Rest, William-Adolphe Bouguereau, 1879, Cleveland Museum of Art

Born on this day were Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio, Baroque painter Andrea Pozzo, 19th century French painter William-Adolphe Bouguereau and 20th century American Abstract Expressionist painter Clyfford Still.



Villa Capra, (or Villa Rotunda) Andrea Palladio architect, at Vicenza, Italy, 1566 to 1570

Andrea Palladio (November 30, 1508 – August 19, 1580) was an architect from the Veneto region of Italy. His architecture, known as "Palladian" had an enormous influence on both Renaissance and later architecture.  Palladio was very aware the proportions and harmony that were used to create the original Greek temples.

Villa Capra, (or Villa Rotunda) Andrea Palladio architect, at Vicenza, Italy, 1566 to 1570

Here is a detail of one of four symmetrical porches from La Rotunda in Vicenza. Palladio uses the Ionic order from Greek entablature, but updated it for contemporary use, one change that Palladio made was to use smooth columns instead of fluted columns.  La Rotunda was the influence behind American president Thomas Jefferson's home of Monticello in Virginia.  However Monticello used the Doric Order from Greek entablature on its porches.

San Giorgio Maggiore, Palladio, Venice (1560 – 1563) 

Another Palladian architectural example can be seen above in the beautiful gleaming white marble façade of San Giorgio Maggiore in Venice (built in 1560 – 1563).  The sculptural quality of the overall architectural work and the perfect harmony and proportions that Palladio used would influence future architects for centuries.

Andrea Pozzo,Triumph of Sant' Ignazio of Loyola, 1691-94
(Allegory of the Missionary Work of the Jesuits) Ceiling fresco, Chiesa di Sant' Ignazio, Rome

Also born on this day was Andrea Pozzo (November 30, 1642 – August 31, 1709) an Italian Baroque painter and architect as well as a lay brother in the Jesuit order.  Due to this he was commissioned to create art for several Jesuit churches, both in Italy and in Vienna.  Pozzo's best known work is The Triumph of Sant' Ignazio, an enormous fresco which covers the ceiling of the nave of the Church of Sant'Ignazio in Rome and perhaps the best known example of quadratura.

Painting of a false dome, Andrea Pozzo, 1685, Chiesa di Sant'Ignazio, Rome, Italy

photo- © Jean-Christophe BENOIST/ public domain, via Wikimedia Commons  

Pozzo also created a clever false dome within Sant'Ignazio.  This trompe l’oeil illusion works perfectly if the viewer is standing on a specific spot on the floor, on that spot one can look up and see a "dome" which is in fact a flat surface.  Pozzo is one of the best known painters of quadtratura.

Quadratura is a specific style of trompe-l'oeil painting which incorporates architectural elements into the work to create a convincing illusion of the expansion of the actual space into an imagined space.

Breton Brother and Sister, William-Adolphe Bouguereau, 1871, Metropolitan Museum of Art

William-Adolphe Bouguereau (November 30, 1825 – August 19, 1905) a late 19th century French painter who painted hundreds of popular paintings in his career in a very classically realist style.  Bouguereau lived and worked at the same time as the French Impressionists and Post-Impressionist movements but he never strayed from his realistic style of painting.  He is best known for his very sweet natured portraits of peasants from the French countryside, he also painted religious paintings and classical mythology. 

The Metropolitan Museum of Art says on their website this about the above work:

Based on sketches Bouguereau made while summering in Brittany in the late 1860s, this picture was completed in the artist’s studio in 1871. His young models, posed in traditional Breton costumes, epitomize pastoral sibling affection. This type of scene was quickly snapped up by American collectors, earning Bouguereau fame and fortune. As one critic explained,
"Whoever gets a picture by [him] gets the full worth of his money, in finished painting, first-rate drawing, and a subject and treatment that no well-bred person can … fault."


Interestingly Palladio and Bouguereau share both a birthday and the same date of their death, August 19.



Clyfford Still, 1957-D No. 1, 1957, oil on canvas, 113 x 159 in, Albright-KnoxArt Gallery, Buffalo, New York.

Image found at the museum’s website: www.albrightknox.org

Our final artist born on this day was 20th century American Abstract Expressionist painter Clyfford Still (November 30, 1904 – June 23, 1980).  He was an influential Color Field painter who spent most of his life in the San Francisco area, including teaching at the California School of Fine Arts (San Francisco Art Institute).  Still also lived in NYC for a few years where he got to know other Abstract Expressionist painters.  During his life his work was exhibited both at SFMOMA in San Francisco and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

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